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10 Steps to prevent a data breach

Illustration of cyber security password hacking concept.

Data breaches rarely start with some dramatic “hack”.

Most begin with something small: a clicked email, a reused password, or a system that hasn’t been updated.

Here’s how to reduce the chances of it happening in your business.

What is a data breach?

A data breach happens when someone steals sensitive information, such as customer names, email addresses, or payment details. It can damage your reputation and bottom line.

Why should you care about data breaches?

Data breaches are costly, not just financially but also in terms of trust. Losing customer confidence can have long-term consequences for your business. Regulatory fines for poor data security add to the burden. Prevention is critical.

What we often see

  • Shared Microsoft 365 accounts still in use
  • Passwords reused across multiple systems
  • Backups in place but never tested
  • Staff doing their best, but under pressure and rushing
  • Security tools installed, but no visibility of what’s happening

How to prevent a data breach

Follow these essential steps to keep your data secure:

1. Use strong passwords
Create complex, unique passwords for every account. Use a mix of letters, numbers and symbols.  Use a password manager to create and store unique passwords rather than relying on memory.

2. Keep software updated
Set your systems to update automatically to fix known vulnerabilities. Apply security updates promptly. Waiting weeks leaves known vulnerabilities open. For a better solution, we recommend a patch and asset management system. 

3. Train your team
Ensure staff understand how to spot phishing emails and avoid risky links. Focus on real-world scenarios like phishing emails, fake logins and urgent requests.

4. Encrypt your data
Protect sensitive information with encryption so only authorised users can access it.

5. Control data access
Limit access to critical data based on job roles to reduce exposure.

6. Back up regularly
Store secure copies of your data to recover quickly after an incident.

7. Enable firewalls
A firewall acts as a digital guard, blocking malicious attempts to access your systems.

8. Be wary of emails
Phishing emails are a common attack method. Only open trusted messages and verify links.  Most attacks still start here, but they often look completely legitimate.

9. Secure your Wi-Fi
Set a strong, unique password and update it regularly. Avoid using default settings.

10. Develop a response plan
Prepare for breaches by having a plan in place. Know who to contact, how to isolate systems and how to communicate with customers. Practice drills to ensure your team knows what to do.

11. Protect accounts, not just devices
Multi-factor authentication helps, but it’s not enough on its own. Monitor logins and account behaviour to spot unusual activity early.

Can small businesses be targeted?

Absolutely. Hackers often see small businesses as easy targets due to weaker security. Whether you’re big or small, robust protection is essential. It’s not about being targeted, it’s about being accessible.

Tools to prevent data breaches

Investing in preventive tools is a fraction of the cost of dealing with a breach. Firewalls, multi-factor authentication, encryption and endpoint protection are just a few examples that can help secure your business.

Don’t wait until it’s too late

Most businesses don’t realise where the gaps are until something behaves differently.

If you want a clearer picture of what’s covered and what isn’t, we can take a quick look and point out anything worth fixing.  Send us a message and we will be in touch.

We work with businesses across Chesterfield, Sheffield and the wider Derbyshire and South Yorkshire area who want things to work properly day to day, without the guesswork.

Kevin Walker, Founder of Black Swan Cyber Security Solutions

Written by: Kevin Walker

Founder, Black Swan Cyber Security Solutions

Based in Chesterfield, Kevin has over 20 years’ experience helping schools, care providers and small businesses meet DfE and Cyber Essentials standards. He’s passionate about calm, compliance-led cyber security and supporting local communities across Derbyshire and South Yorkshire.

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